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1. MOTIVATION:
Research in an academic environment provides a unique
opportunity to solve problems and vision the technology of the future. My
current research interests are concerned with the Wireless networking, Data
Structure & Algorithms. Over the past fifty years, computer science was based on
theoretical models which originated from Von Neumann (or alternatively Turing)
and computer science theory was built mainly on the foundations of logic and
combinatorics. In recent years we are witnessing a fascinating phenomenon which
requires a radically different way of thinking, namely, the emergence of
applications and environments that involve strong socio-economic aspects. The
examples are numerous, including electronic commerce and economics in general,
the design of wide area networks, multi-agent systems and a large number of
Internet applications. Problems that stem from such applications are very
different from traditional algorithmic problems as the behavior of the
participants in these applications is determined by their own goals and not by
the instructions of the designer.
Complex networks have been playing an increasingly important
role in computer science. The Internet, the World Wide Web, Facebook, and eBay
are examples of some of the myriad types of networks that are a part of everyday
life for many people. Three important types of networks are technological,
social, and economic. First, an example of a technological network can be seen
in a model of the World Wide Web where a node could represent a web page and
edges could represent hyperlinks. Similarly, in a model of the Internet nodes
could represent routers and edges could represent the exchange of traffic.
Second, social networks encompass a broad range of networks that occur in the
real world where the nodes represent some type of naturally occurring entity and
links between pairs of nodes represent some type of social relationship. For
example, there are social networks where nodes can represent people and links
can represent a friendship, a past communication, a co-authorship, or a
citation. Third, economic networks are similar except they use links to model
some type of economic interaction between nodes. Examples of economic networks
include models where each node is a person, a firm, or a country and links
represent trade agreements.
2. PAST RESEARCH:
My Ph.D. thesis focuses on designing prototype; which
involves different subjects including computer science, biostatistics and
pharmaceutical subjects. Software Technologies are providing reduced drug
dissolution computation time e-process solutions for accelerating global
pharmaceutical development. Software developers thus far believe that they have
the potential to cut 1 to 2 years off the current 7 to 9 years it takes to bring
new drugs to market, enabling them to increase their revenue potential. Many of
them use Internet technologies to conduct and manage dissolution testing and
computation efficiently and effectively. They are providing service solutions to
allow sponsors of drug dissolution computation to eliminate the need to
transcribe and process traditional paper data forms, to access global drug
dissolution testing data in real-time, and to begin data analysis.
Now that drug dissolution of drug profiles and bioinformatics
associated computational methods are reality. Somehow, the resulting compounds
still have to be delivered in the most effective manner. An injectible or solid
oral immediate or sustained released are “no brainers” for pharma in terms of
dosage form selection. Now go have fun with solubility and stability, and its
headache time, depending where you are in the world and your choice of vice. To
combine the right chemical ingredients in the right proportions, driving the
right reactions under the right conditions to achieve the right end product with
the right properties requires an incredible amount of information and an
incredible amount of knowledge. All this information and knowledge has to be
available at the point of formulation as well as at the analysis stage to find
whether particular drug batches are efficient of drug or not. Managing the
formulation process without iteration is the secret to reducing development
time. Having software to provide the right information at the right place at the
right time and you avoid costly, embarrassing mistakes and eliminate duplicate
work. Today, a drug dissolution testing could even identify promising leads,
store, and manage a pharma company’s testing portfolio or library. Modeling and
simulation software can now allow researchers to screen a wide variety of
materials and process variables in silico, fail early, and focus on the most
promising lead candidates for further experimental work. Such methods enable
substantial time and cost savings.
Drug dissolution testing and informatics software platforms
also provide great science from easy-to-use desktop environments that interact
with the databases throughout a corporate IT infrastructure. They can combine
high-quality modeling and visualization with powerful methods to analyze and
predict the parameters and behavior of chemical and biological systems. The
anticipated prototype is to provide both scientific computational power and
visualization power particularly with use of tools such as MATLAB, .NET and set
of bioinformatics tools and database. The environment brings ease to use to get
desired computation, data analysis with visualization.
The main objective of this work was to apply several drug
profiles comparison approaches to one dissolution data set in order to quantify
each method’s metric for comparing dissolution profiles through the developed
prototype. In spite of the need to compare dissolution profiles, methods to
compare dissolution profiles are well developed.
This work was conducted with the intent to compare all batch
profiles and to gain familiarity with the numerical values of those methods. It
is concluded that the ratio test procedures, the pair-wise procedures, and
several of the model-dependent approaches yielded numerical results which can
possibly serve as objective and quantitative metrics for comparing entire
dissolution profiles.
Too often, visualization algorithms do not consider the data
that is being visualized or the underlying science that was used to generate the
data. If data visualization is to be a useful tool in real world and not just a
collection of pretty pictures, science must be considered in developing
visualization algorithms. Effectiveness of visualizations is very rarely
considered. Furthermore, visualizations are not very useful if error in the data
cannot be properly visualized. I would like to collaborate with scientists and
medical doctors in developing algorithms that can alleviate problems with
current techniques: quantifying effectiveness of visualizations, representing
errors and uncertainties in visualizations.
3. MOTIVATION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH:
Research on wireless networking attracts a growing number of
scholars from various communities. The interest in this field results from both
intellectual and practical motives. I conclude this statement with a number of
issues which in my opinion will motivate future research in this area.
Similarly, the “human” ingredient is inherent to many computer science
applications. Unifying these (very different) fields is a deep and fascinating
challenge and will be the source for many intriguing problems.
Growth will become the result of the intersection of life
sciences and IT period. Sun Microsystems, for example, has major research
programs on informatics. Merck scientists are becoming computer experts
themselves. Oracle developed a database capable of organizing tons of drug
information moving from research through the drug dissolution testing process.
And, this is just the beginning. They can now assure that vast quantities of
data generated from experiments can be rapidly studied and correlated with
billions of other data bits streaming from Merck’s other labs. Looking at data
in real time permits company scientists to make fast calls about which compounds
to push into development. Information technology provides the only means for
drug companies to automate and truncate the development process. Drug companies
spend huge amount per year on IT.
The future application of Drug Dissolution Parameters
Computations (DDPC) will become more important when the present framework gains
increased recognition, which will probably be the case if the DDPC borders for
certain Class II (high permeability, low solubility) and Class III (low
permeability, high solubility) drugs are extended. Revision of the DDPC
guidelines by the regulatory agencies in communication with academic and
industrial scientists is exciting and will hopefully result in an increased
applicability in drug development.
Finally, scientists in this field emphasize the usefulness of
DDPC as a simple tool in early drug development to determine the rate-limiting
step in the oral absorption process, which has facilitated the exchange of
information between experts involved in the overall drug development process. In
the future, this increased awareness of a proper biopharmaceutical
characterization of new drugs may result in drug molecules with sufficiently
high permeability, solubility and dissolution rate properties, that will
automatically help increase the importance of BCS as a regulatory tool.
Internet protocols and applications:
The Internet brings together an enormous mass of resources - people, information
and computational power. However, despite the great potential, very little
cooperation among these entities has emerged. Socio economic approaches foster
such cooperation. Future applications of the Internet will presumably exploit
this approach. Moreover, the design of protocols for the Internet (e.g. routing
with high quality of service) di
er significantly from traditional protocol design as the protocols’ participants
are likely to follow their own personal goals instead of acting as instructed by
the designer. Problems that stem from the protocols and applications mentioned
above give rise to many algorithmic mechanism design problems. These problems
differ from traditional mechanism design problems by their computational
ingredients, type of environment, and design objectives. They thus require new
ways of thinking.
Economics and electronic commerce:
In recent years the world economy is changing dramatically as many major
economic processes are being automated or semi automated. This gives rise to
many problems that involve both computational and economic or game theoretic
aspects. Example applications include complex auctions like the Billion $20 FCC
auctions, and privatization e
orts like the California market for electricity.
Wide area networks: Users of
wide area networks want their own traffic to be optimized and behave
accordingly. This raises many interesting questions that involve both
computational and game theoretic ingredients.
To conduct productive research I am looking forward to
learning much more than I know now. Interaction with peers, students, and
learning more about what other research areas have to offer will all contribute
to new ideas and exciting research.
PG LEVEL SUPERVISION:
Heena Mehul Pandya, Student of MCA, IGNOU. Enroll No. 050249669.
Final Semester Project has been completed under my guidance.
Title: Net Banking System
REVIEWERS:
EXPERT LECTURES TAKEN:
Workshop on “Web Technologies” for MCA,
Engineering Faculties at CCET, Wadhwan during 26-5-2008 to 28-5-2008.
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